China has recently intensified its presence in the Northern Pacific Ocean by deploying coast guard vessels for fishery law enforcement, a move described by Chinese state media as an act of a responsible "major power." The Changshan and Shicheng vessels embarked on a 45-day patrol from Qingdao in late July, marking the ninth such mission under China's authority to inspect fishing vessels in these international waters. This operation underscores China's broader strategy to enhance its influence and demonstrate its commitment to international maritime obligations.
The primary reason for China's presence in this region is its role as a member of the North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC), which aims to manage and conserve deep-sea fish and protect marine ecosystems. The NPFC, established under the Convention on the Conservation and Management of High Seas Fisheries Resources in the North Pacific Ocean, which China signed in 2013, grants member states the authority to board and inspect fishing vessels to combat illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. By participating in these patrols, China asserts its dedication to sustainable fishing practices and international cooperation in maritime governance.
Legally, China’s patrols are justified under the NPFC Convention, which allows member nations to enforce fishery regulations in the high seas of the Northern Pacific. However, this legality does not come without controversy. While China promotes these patrols as a fulfilment of international obligations, concerns have been raised by other countries and experts about potential misuse of inspection powers and geopolitical implications. Additionally, China faces accusations of engaging in IUU fishing with its own fleet, complicating its image as a responsible maritime power. Despite these concerns, China's activities in the Northern Pacific Ocean remain within the legal framework of the NPFC, highlighting the complex interplay between legality, strategic interests, and regional stability.
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